Construction and validation of a test for the assessment of psychological complexes based on Jungian analytical psychology

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Background: Psychological complexes play a significant role in an individual’s psychological distress; therefore, identifying and treating psychological complexes occupy a special position in Jungian analytical psychology. A review of the existing literature in this field indicates that no reliable tool is available for measuring psychological complexes. Aims: This research was conducted to create and determine the factor structure of a test for psychological complexes based on Jungian analytical psychology. Methods: The research method is a qualitative (qualitative-quantitative) exploratory type that in the first stage of the research was qualitative and with the thematic analysis method, and in the quantitative stage, a descriptive study of the developmental-applied type was designed and implemented. The statistical population in the qualitative section of all experts in the field of clinical psychology in Tehran was familiar with Jung's concepts and Jung works and Post-Jungians. The sample consisted of 12 clinical psychologists in Tehran who were selected by convenience sampling method until theoretical saturation was reached. To analyze the data qualitatively, theme analysis and network drawing were used MaxQDA2020 software with open and axial coding in order to match the nodes with the archetypes. The results of thematic analysis identified three main factors of travel preparation, travel and return from trip as three main themes and in 28 sub-themes. The statistical population in the quantitative section was all people referred to the health center in Tehran in 2023. The sample consisted of 320 people who referred to the neighborhoods of the health center in Tehran who were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the researcher-made test of psychological complexes and positive and negative emotions (Watson and et al., 1988). Data obtained using SPSS software. 27 and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. Results: The results of the face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively. Also, the results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed 28 factors in 86 questions, which explained 62% of the variance of psychological complexes. The consistency of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha method for each of the factors was higher than 0.7. Also, the correlation coefficient of the complex questionnaire with the list of positive and negative psychological emotions showed its desired criterion (simultaneous) validity. Conclusion: Given the obtained results, it can be said that the test for measuring psychological complexes possesses acceptable psychometric properties and can assist psychologists in gaining a deeper understanding of complexes and in establishing more effective therapeutic pathways for their clients.

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Khorsandi, M., Golshani, F., Hassani, F., & Entezar, R. K. (2025). Construction and validation of a test for the assessment of psychological complexes based on Jungian analytical psychology. مجله علوم روانشناختی. http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-2543-en.pdf